Summary-Analysis-Response free essay sample

Response Paper In Lisa Hamiltons Unconventional Farmers; Let Them Eat Meat, she Justifies the issue of raising livestock for food causing greenhouse gas emissions. Should we be eating less meat or actually eating more? Hamiltons research found many interesting points that would interest any human beings that consume meat or any other type of consumable goods. In her essay, Hamilton begins with the statistic that eighteen percent of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions come from livestock. The idea to eat less meat was established by Dr. Rakendra Pachauri. Hamilton disagreed and believed that humans should be eating more of a different kind of meat. In her research, she found that the livestock could actually service the farmers with less work by improving the soil in a natural way. Jason Mann, another farmer who also believed the livestock could have a few advantages, viewed the issue as if it were a bank account. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary-Analysis-Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bank accounts allow someone to withdraw money that they place into it. Thinking in a way of a farmer, Mann saw that when he harvested a crop, he took away nutrients from the soil. In order to deposit more nutrients for the next harvest season, he would eed the nutrients from livestock manure and also use them as a natural plowing machine using their hoofs to help break up the old soil. Like the weather, the seasons change. Some seasons may produce an abundance of products to sell, but then others might produce little to done caused by droughts, lack of attention, or pesticides. Raising livestock for food acts as a back up plan. Selling the meat will allow money to still be made to keep the bank account from over drafting. Hamilton finds that it may be easier to keep the meat and vegetation at an equal level to keep he greenhouse gasses equal instead of constant rising. Lisa Hamilton used the five elements of rhetorical situation to make this essay simpler to understand the issue of the greenhouse gasses that is believed to be the exigence by raising livestock for food. This cause may not be proven completely since there are pros and cons to raising livestock for food along with having vegetation crops. These pros and cons are easier understood with Hamiltons text. She uses her research in an organized way and also uses metaphors to compare to something many adults and young adults could understand. Since she used Jason Manns comparison to a bank account, some readers might get a glimpse of the other side of the argument over this issue. The audience mainly attracted by this essay may mostly be farmers, but it could also attract vegetarians, meat market owners, produce managers, and any one else interested in the environment. Each individual reader will have many constraints towards this essay. Although the pros and cons may be equal, the issue of how to decrease the percentage of greenhouse gasses may never be solved. The livestock could help reduce the gasses by adding organic matter to the oil and breaking down dead plant residue, but will it be enough to make everyone happy? The author writes in a neutral view to prevent attracting hostile readers, but makes many excellent points Although sne tound little proot ot the exact cause to the greenhouse gasses, she did find few scapegoats (the blaming of something else causing the issue), such as the livestock emitting methane. In response, there have not been any proven facts that the livestock is the one to take complete blame for theses greenhouse gasses increasing. I agree with Hamiltons idea of eating more meat instead of less. Eating grass-fed meat is a more atural food source that is healthier for the environment. I also believe that with more research and more time, conclusions could be formed to decrease the amount of greenhouse gas in our environment by an incredible percentage. Blaming the issue on livestock who do things the only way it knows, natural, does not make sense to me since many humans have survived centuries from the livestocks ancestors. Being vegetarian to prevent the gasses from increasing is ultimately any humans right. A little change can start a huge chain reaction in the right direction to solving many issues involving our environment.

How to Get Free Cat and Dog Food

How to Get Free Cat and Dog Food If youre having trouble affording dog food and cat food, you may have a variety of solutions to check out before re-homing your companion animal. Animal shelters increasingly recognize they can avoid contributing to shelter overpopulation by thinking outside the box. Food programs are popping up in many different venues to help you keep your cat or dog right at home. Why Keeping a Pet Matters When personal finances tank, putting food on the table is challenging enough without adding a few furry faces to feed. But it’s when things are at their lowest point that when the true value and worth of animals become crystal clear. Writing for Webmd.com, Dr. Ian Cook, psychiatrist and director of the Depression  Research and Clinic Program at UCLA, says: Pets offer an unconditional love that can be very helpful to people with  depression†¦ Taking care of a pet can help give you a sense of your own value and importance. It will remind you that you are capable that you can do more than you might think. A little boost in attitude and outlook could mean a lot to someone who is feeling pretty hopeless. Looking for an alternative to giving up your companion animal will not only give you a mission, it will remind you of the kindness of other humans; something of which we all need to be reminded from time to time, but especially in cases of misfortune. Where to Find Free Pet Food If youre in search of sources of free pet food, youre not alone. In fact, many organizations are aware of the issue and have created resources to help. For example: Some animal shelters maintain a pet food bank. When a distraught companion animal guardians visit the shelter with the intent to surrender their animal, instead of signing a surrender form they are given an application for food subsistence.Meals on Wheels found that pets are the only family that some seniors have and that some of their clients were sharing their meals with their pets when they couldnt afford pet food. In 2006, Meals on Wheels started the We All Love Our Pets (WALOP) initiative. Not all local Meals on Wheels programs offer pet food, so check with your local program.The Humane Society of the United States maintains a  list of national and local organizations that offer free pet food, low-cost spay/neuter services, and temporary foster care if you need help. How to Request Or Provide Help with Finding Pet Food If youre not sure where to start looking for or providing free pet food, you may find these suggestions help to break the ice. Ask your local shelter if they have a pet food bank. If you are not in need of one at the moment, offer to start one.Use search engines to research â€Å"pet food banks and meals on wheels programs in (your city). You may be surprised at all the good things that are happening in your own community.Talk to your grocer about saving dented and newly out-of-date pet food items and donating them to a shelter where you may be able to avail yourself of same.Use social media to let everyone you know you are taking up a collection to build a food bank and ask for donated food items once intended for a now-deceased animal.

Basic Computer skills for your career

Basic Computer skills for your career The computer age is continuously improving as the days go by. If you do not keep up with that pace, you may be less competitive and may not get the promotion you have been eyeing for so long. Of course, job security will back you up and you may stay in your position for as long as you like. If you however, would like to move forward, you need the backing of computer knowledge. How do you get computer savvy? Start from the basic. Get basic computer training and from there improve yourself keeping pace with the new software for business. If you are already working, I know that you already have an understanding of some computer basics but if you are a new entrant into the business world, you may need some basic computer training to ensure you will keep your job. If the company you work for do not sponsor computer trainings, it is for you to take in on your own. Why do you need the basic computer training? This is to ensure that you are prepared to receive additional computer trainings. Why is it so? This is because without the basic computer knowledge, whatever computer program your company will sponsor for you will be useless because you do not know how and what the basics are. Let me give you some very basic computer knowledge that you may need and from there, you may move on to taking the basic computer training at your own. Learning this will give you the advantages you need to excel in your field. Basic computer knowledge What is a CPU? The CPU or the Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer; it holds the Drives. What are the Drives? Drive A is the floppy disk insert drive. Drive C is the hard drive where most of the programs are found. Drive D or E, these are the CD ROM drives. Input Devices: Keyboard, it is the device where you will find the letters used to input words in the system. Mouse, this is used to scroll and navigate the window. Output Device: Monitor, this is the screen where you see what you will input from the keyboard. Printer, this is where you will send the letters you input in the computer and have them printed on paper. Now, that you know what the computer devices are, you will need to learn how to open the computer. Find the power on in the CPU and the power on in the Monitor. When the Monitor shows you images, you already have opened your computer. The next step, of course is to learn how to use the computer using software. This is where you need basic computer training from reputation institutions or find an online computer course. Choose from basic to advanced computer training and you are well on your way to becoming computer savvy. Take, even the basic computer training at heart and your will surely succeed in the computer age and modern business environment. Basic computer training is the start of a lucrative career.

Article summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article summary - Assignment Example The solution to this problem was found in the adoption of Jive software to provide the stakeholders with a virtual community where they can share ideas, information, and data and discuss other business opportunities. This community was not only helpful for the discussions but was also proved to be a successful marketing tool. Information about new products and offers could easily be shared to the community members and other interested people. This step by NetApp owners helped in developing a stronger brand image and increased the participation of its members. NetApp has acquired the benefit of improving its services and satisfying its customers by receiving feedbacks on the site. It has also become possible for the administration of NetApp to gain knowledge about it’s stakeholders desires and expectations via discussion boards, blogs and wikis. In conclusion, we can say that this article illustrates the increased opportunity for NetApp’s business expansion and also prov es the efficiency of Jive’s software. This case study involves much information about the use of Jive’s software and its success as experienced by NetApp. However, this case study fails to explain the background information about NetApp and hence does not provide full information about the activities and services of NetApp. For a reader who is not aware of Netapp’s services, this case study provides insufficient information to understand how Jive Software helped NetApp. The case study is written in a direct manner. It does not involve too much explanation but instead provides information that is necessary to prove the success of jive software in NetApp’s business. The bullet points, headings and structure of the paper is quite useful and easily comprehensible. The sub-headings and bulleted points make it easier for the reader to grasp and memorize the key points. However,

Composition of fish corkscrew Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Composition of fish corkscrew - Essay Example Symmetry is known to play a vital role in human visual perception and aesthetics1. When all the functional parts of the fish corkscrew are in closed position, the device appears to be almost symmetrical as can be seen from figure 1. Its symmetry is, however, imperfect given the shape of the corkscrew and a section of the knife. One of the elements of the device is the saw-tooth and sharp bladed knife. The knife which is attached to the tail of the fish is made of metal and can be used to cut different objects. The cutting edge of the knife has two sections; a flat blade and a serrated blade that form one unit. The flat section of the cutting blade can be used to cut objects like a razor or ordinary knife does even as the serrated section serves to cut like a saw. The cutting and non-cutting edges of the knife meet in a curve to form a pin point that can be useful in piercing or tearing materials. The knife is attached to the tail of the fish through a hinge so that the knife can be drawn out in case it needs to be used. When not in use, the knife is pushed down and its curved non-cutting edge forms the dorsal fins the fish. At the side of the knife that overlooks the wooden body of the fish, close to the curved edge is a notch that can be used to lift the knife out of its sheath. The tail of the fish is made up of metal. Apart from being the frame upon which the knife is fixed, the tail serves to give the device its characteristic aesthetics and fish shape as can be seen in fig 2. The body of the fish which is made of wood and metal similarly gives the device its characteristic fish-like shape. The body also acts as a sheath that hides the sharp edge of the knife from view when the knife is in closed position. The body also serves to protect the bearer of the knife from harm as it keeps the knife away from immediate contact in case it is not in use. The body of the fish also serves as a hand. The body is so shapes that

India cinema Essay Example for Free

India cinema Essay India cinema over the ages has developed a flavor and aroma of its own. The vibrancy and exuberance of our cinema is unparalleled across the globe. India cinema, over the year, has transcended the barriers of language, art and culture, broken all the bonds and crossed all borders to colour the entire world with is emblematic song, dances, music, melodrama and didacticism. India cinema has a bit of everything. It has the capacity to imbibe all the shades and every spice of life within its ambit. It has been mystifying, enthralling, enchanting and entertaining millions since a long long time now. Every today, watching cinema is the most popular mode of entertainment and a favourite pastime of people from all section of society transcending over cast, creed, race or religion. In fact, bollywood after cricket is a sub-religion of the country. From the most common man to the intellectual and the elites-all enjoy watching movies in their leisure time with their friends and families. Cinema works as a great unifying factor which brings together the high and the low, the rice and the poor , the young and the old-all under the same roof for next two or three hour . It entertains without discrimination, thrill and tickles without knowing a difference man and man. I too, like watching movies with my parents and friend in my spare time. Last year, Sahara Motion Picture initiated a new era in India cinema. The long awaited animation movies for children were released and it runs successfully in theaters all over the country. Not only children but also teenagers, old and young, all cinema halls in large number to watch-Hanuman. I too had been waiting for the movie eagerly. Once the movie was released, my friend’s family and mine made plans to watch the movies in our nearest theater on the ensuing Sunday. We all were extremely excited. In fact, my friend and I could hardly wait for weekend. On the appointed Sunday, we reached the theatre filled with thrill excitement through and through. Predictable, none of us were disappointed after watching the movie. Since then, it has become one of my favourite movies. The movie is a fabulous animation of the legend of the faithful friend and follower of Lord Ram and his greatest accomplice in the battle against Ravana. The movie traces the entire life-story of Hanuman-right from his birth to the fulfillment of the aim which he was bore. The stories begin with sin and wickedness increasing on the earth and all the Gods rushing to Brahma-the Creator for his protection. The movie brilliantly captures the miraculous birth of Hanuman and his innocent childhood pranks to his education from the Sun god. The scene when the little Hanuman wakes up and mistakes the sun peeping form behind a mango tree to be mango and rushes to eat it out of grave hunger is one of my favorites. The way he reaches the sun and fight Rahu is extremely interesting. Hanuman- who is the incarnation of Lord Shiva grows up loved and pampered and gradually being trained for his great appointed task. As he grows up, he meets Lord Ram who is also growing up in his palace with his brothers. I particularly enjoyed the scene where Lord Shiva and Hanuman was extremely amusing with his multi-coloured cap and his extraordinary feats amused all of us extremely. Even the Kite scene when little Ram’s kite gets lost amidst the clouds and Hanuman disguising as the monkey is also my favourite scene. The rest of the movie too is interesting. One never loses interest throughout the movie. The movie, all through, captivates one’s attention thoroughly. The other scene, which really liked, is the ones when Hanuman goes to Lanka to search Sita. The entire sequence of the scenes thereafter is my favourite. L really liked each and every scene-the way Hanuman burns down the entire Lanka to teach Ravana a lesson and the scene later of the famous Kumbhakaran with his legendary sleep and appetite. In short, there is nothing that I don’t like about the movie. Enjoyed every bit of it and all the more so in the company of my friend and my family. I like the movie not only because it is entertaining but also because it teaches a lot about our rich and ancient mythology and the Hindu religion to us. It is usually seen that we don’t get the opportunity to know about our religion and the legends in our mythology in normal course of our lives. The movie is didactic and educative for children as the honest Hanuman, which he harbours for his lord Ram. The movie not only enriches and educates the innocent and fertile young minds but also the old adults alike. The movie was not only like by we friend but also by our parents which was a proof of how wonderful the movie was, even though but also by our parent which was a proof of how wonderful the movie was, even though an animation caters to the need of a specific age group and strata of the society. The animation was of best quality, the special effects very graphical and the morals and l hope we get many more such movies to see in the near future which educate as well as entertain the viewers irrespective of their age, cast, culture religion or race.

Beating Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID) Essay

Imagine living your entire life contained within a plastic bubble. Contact from the outside world, including your parents, is lethal. Rather than feeling the warm touch of a human hand, the clammy cold of laboratory gloves comforts you to sleep. Is this living or this surviving? You make the call. SCIDs is an acronym for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Persons born with SCIDs lack the ability to fight off infections. SCIDs creates a situation in which the common cold is just as deadly as pneumonia. This family of diseases is obviously debilitating and life-threatening. That is why finding a cure is imperative. This disease is not contagious, it is genetic and is thus acquired through the simple role of the genetic dice. There is absolutely nothing we can do about this sad syndrome, or is there... We can look to gene therapy: an exciting and revolutionary new field of research and medicine which may reveal the key to unlocking a myriad of genetic diseases. This paper will explore the problems posed by SCIDs and the answer offered by Marina Cavazzana-Calvo and Salima Hacein-Bey. Their work in gene therapy has great potential towards bursting the bubble on SCIDs. Immune System Introduction So, you ask, what does it mean to have SCID? Well, in order to answer this question, we have to go through a quick tour of the immune system. The immune system of the human body is comprised of a vast array of cells that fight off diseases (antigens) that are harmful to the well-being of the body. In an individual with a properly functioning immune system, the body has multiple genes that encode specific instructions for the proper design and function of the cells of the immune system. T... ...g gene. Thus, the non-functional gamma-c chain of these patients was corrected to function like a normal gamma-c chain. The researchers then took the corrected cells and returned them to the patients. Did it work? Yes. The results show a dramatic increase in a variety of major immune system cells. Where are they now? Both patients left protective isolation after approximately three months of treatment. After an 11 month analysis, both patients appear to be growing well. No side effects (of any kind) have been reported. Basically, both patients have achieved a nearly perfect recovery in less than a year! On a third patient, similar positive results have been achieved after 4 months of treatment. Drs. Cavazzana-Calvo et. al. have BURSTED THE BUBBLE ON SCIDs!!! Of course, long-term analysis must be completed in order to see the duration of this treatment.

Perspectives on play: learning for life Essay

This paper illustrates in detail how learning can be achieved through play. Depth research has been carried out on the correlation between play and its positive benefits on early childhood learning, growth and development. Through this research it has been established that there is a positive connection between creative language and play and the social development of a child. Play has emotional benefits on a child such as enjoyment, relaxation, and fun, love of life, tension reduction and self expression. Developmental benefits of play include cognitive development where imagination, creativity, problem solving, mastery of concepts and perspective taking improves. Socially the child grows which can be seen through co-operation, sharing, turn-taking, and conflict resolution and leadership skills development. The language of the kid also develops that is in terms of communication skills, vocabulary and narration (Brock 2009 p.6-7) In this issue to bring out the details pretty clear, sharp in-depth look at two chapters has been done, the first chapter being; Authoring books, plays and identities in writing workshops. Key practice: Approximated writing. The first chapter also involves the sub-topic; discourse of creative expression (Gordon 2009 p.23). The second chapter to look at is the: Toy as Identity texts, children as consumers and players. The first chapter mostly handles introduction to writing where kids are taken through a workshop where they mainly engage in writing. The climax of it is when the kid finally authors a book and has a chance to sit on the authors chair and read the book to the class and to be admired and questioned at the end of the writing workshop. The rationale behind choosing this chapter on developing writing is that written communication is a very key skill in life and everyone should have it as a priority developing the skill and becoming an expert in communicating really well thro ugh writing. It is thus a privilege and great pleasure learning how a kid or an individual at large develops this skill and also to reflect and see how probably people did begin at it or ought to begin (Gordon 2009 p.25) Approximated writing is the key arguments in this chapter which symbolizes or represents a range of ways in which children can deliberate within their inner self between their personally invented forms of language understanding and the culturally determined rules for language. Approximated writing is close to the real writing language which embraces errors, incorrect spellings. It is used by children to formulate meaningful messages through their use of their emerging mastery of the language. In the writing workshop the kids initiated their own writing projects and as they wrote they designed and illustrated images and prints for puppet plays, pages for kids-printed books, cards to relatives and friends, storyboards and journals. Graphophonic conventions such as using alphabetic symbols like â€Å"tuk† to represent the word took, putting bigger spaces between words, placing marks on words and organizing them in a pattern are very much use in this case. Authoring in the worksho p happened when the kids wrote, drew, told and dramatized the texts they had written down. Finally in regard to authoring the kids connected texts for the kids-produced books that they presented to the others through reading aloud from the author`s chair or even short plays that were acted for the class and videotaped (Marzollo 2011 p.39-40) A number of realizations came from these workshops or activity that was centered on kid’s literacy. The first one being that children are capable writers who are able to actively create and co-create meaning and such activities can be very instrumental in bringing out their literacy proficiency this is so because it is in such that they are challenged to explore all genres of written communication and also get a chance to freely air their ideas through their conversations and writings (Elkind, 2009; p.46). The idea of getting a chance to sit on the author`s chair, present the book to the class, to be questioned and admired at the end of the writing workshop motivated the kids to really come up with a well-illustrated book. Discourse of creative expression also happens in the conference where free expression of ideas and feelings in the workshop through routine or regular practices is done. The children are always encouraged to share their opinions with their peers and anything they feel the need to air during the workshop. This discourse of creative expression empowers autonomy in writing decisions during the workshop and clearly refers to the kids as a writer mostly because they have written their own creations (Guinagh 2009 p.32). The above situation is really different from a school situation which cannot really be called free expression because the kid is directed, monitored and controlled by the teacher on what to write about. The children also have the permission during the workshop to abandon the projects they were working on at their own discretion without permission from the teacher. In the case of a child also consulting with other children in the case of seeking their assistance and opinions also decides to change their projects and ignore the one they were doing or make revisions on it is still quite appropriate. The methodology used in this chapter or writing workshop to teach the children how to write is something really great and enjoyable both for them and their instructor. The different number of plays that are used to teach them how to write and encourage them to pursue understanding the genres of written communication are very appropriate for them both for their easier understanding and to make it really interesting to the children without boredom at all. Learning writing is presented in a very simplified way that makes the child to want to do it again and again. The above writing activity or workshop further proves the point that learning happens very effectively through play (Silberg 2009 p.23). In the second chapter close attention is paid to the chapter on Toy as Identity texts, children as consumers and players. First it is good to state that the rationale behind picking this chapter as the second one to look at to anyone it would mostly be out of curiosity to know and understand the following questions: The reason why kids and toys are almost inseparable? How comes that children want to spend as much as possible time with their toys, which is the language that really exist if any between toys and kids? Dolls in line with toys are texts designed specifically to enable the children to recognise with ease the manner in which it can be used in a play. They are associated with popular children animated films and also television programs which encourage children to play certain character roles and familiar scripts. These toys act as texts calling forth for â€Å"possible worlds† which brings about certain character roles, dialogue and stories (Silberg 2009 p.31) Dolls i n a way are used to communicate identity and expectations in and from the society, for example the text or identity of a â€Å"cool girl† is communicated through the doll`s features such as its hairstyle, clothing and makeup. Popular dolls communicate complex such as concerning taste, social status, culture, roles and position in society and taste. This complex message requires the reader in this case the children to coordinate these messages and understand them (Tizard 2010 p. 55) The methodology of using toys and dolls to communicate certain texts to the children and ensure that they learn something sounds quite funny. It is after pondering about this manner of using play to teach or facilitate learning to the very young ones that a person will come to the conclusion that it is one of the most amazing ways of learning through play which is really an awesome method. Kids are in a position to learn so much through toys and dolls without even their knowledge that they are learning and this knowledge sticks in their minds for the rest of their lives. As a wrap up this paper has made it clear through the above examples how learning is done through play. Therefore one would comfortably conclude that it is a matter of fact that children learn through play and exposure to plays enable them to develop their intellectual, social and emotional skills. Plays should thus be a part and parcel of a child`s life so that the child may grow and develop holistically failure to which the development of the child will be hindered (Wood 2013 p.5). More and more learning and play ought to be embraced and others developed so as to ease learning especially amongst children who are easily bored and has low concentration ability and retention capacity of what they learn. The importance and value of learning through play can therefore not be underestimated. References Brock, A. (2009). Perspectives on play: learning for life. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman. Elkind, D. (2009). The power of play: learning what comes naturally. Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Lifelong ;. Gordon, I. J., Guinagh, B., & Jester, R. E. (2009). Child learning through child play; learning activities for two and three year olds. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Marzollo, J., & Lloyd, J. (2011). Learning through play ([1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row. Silberg, J. (2009). Learning games: exploring the senses through play. Beltsville, Md.: Gryphon House. Tizard, B., & Hughes, M. (2010). Young children learning (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.. Tizard, B., & Hughes, M. (2010). Young children learning (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.. Wood, E. (2013). Play, learning and the early childhood curriculum (3rd ed.). London: SAGE. Source document

An Analysis of Leadership Models

Models and their Influence on Educational Leadership Pamela Lee University of Phoenix An Analysis of Leadership Models Although there is no conclusive, comprehensive definition of leadership, there has been advances in researching leadership theories that have been uncovered and carried out over the last 200 years. In the late sass, the trait theory permeated the leadership theory. The World War era saw the beginning of the contingency/situation leadership theories of Fiddler, Broom-Yet, and Hershey-Blanchard. In the sass, the research turned toward behavioral leadership theories.Many researchers started to use rating skills and conduct interviews to identify the specific behaviors that leaders engaged in on-the-Job (Wren, 1995). The most recent leadership theories, transactional, and transformational, focus on the relationships between leaders and followers. According to Viola, Wallaby, and Weber, â€Å"Today, the field of leadership focus' not only on the leader, but also the foll owers, peers, supervisors, work setting/context, and culture† (Viola, Wallaby, & Weber, 2009, p. 422). Many of the leadership models have been used in education.The following will be a historical analysis of the trait, behavioral, transactional, and transformational models and their influence on educational leadership over the past 200 years. Close attention will be paid to the evolution of the educational leader (principal) and how his or her roles have changed over time. The scientific study of leadership began in the late sass with the discovery of the traits theory. The common assumption of the time was that certain people were born with the ability to lead, thus making them better leaders than others.Schemers stated, † Those who became leaders were different from those who remained lowers† (Schemers, 1995, p. 83). The goal of trait research was to identify traits that were associated with leadership. The tests measured dominance, masculinity, sensitivity, and physical appearance, to name a few (Schemers, p. 83). During this time, a key leadership role in education was beginning to develop, the principals. As a result of the expansion of education, the one room schoolhouse model with a teacher or master became obsolete.In the sass, grade level schools were established and certain teachers were elevated to the position of â€Å"principal teacher† (Kafka, p. 321). The principal teacher at this time also possessed certain traits. The principal was most always male, who could complete the following clerical and administrative duties that kept the school in order, such as assigning classes, conducting discipline, maintaining the building, taking attendance, and ensuring that school began and ended on time (Kafka, p. 231)t.According to Kafka, These duties brought the principal teacher a degree of authority, as did his role in communicating and answering to the district superintendent, who tended to govern local schools from afar† ( Kafka, 2009, p. 231). Many of these roles matched the traits earlier identified by the scientific studies. The principal was male and showed dominance through authority and could manage and maintain law and order in the school. The role of principal and the type of person who filled this position would not change until the scientific research revealed that traits alone do not determine who should be in leadership positions.In the late sass, Stodgily discovered that â€Å"traits alone do not determine leadership† (Schemers, 1995, p. 84). As a result of Stodgily discovery, new models of leadership were created and researched. One model, behaviorism, researched the behaviors (styles) that a leader would demonstrate in his or her chosen field. Questionnaires such as the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire was used to identify behaviors that leaders engaged in (Schemers, p. 85). In education, the principals role changed as the country went off to war and people feared the fa scist and communist dictatorships.As a result of the changes in the world and new education laws passed, specifically the law that made school compulsory, the principals role changed and evolved. The principals role became a more democratic role. According to Kafka, â€Å"there was a greater expectation that other members of the school community-? including faculty and even students-?would help make decisions and govern the school. In this sense, the principals authority was drawn somewhat from his role as a democratic leader† (Kafka, 2009, p. 325).Principals would have many roles, they would become instructional leaders, and use the professional training they received and the scientific theories they were presumed to have mastered to bring about the very best classroom teaching and learning (Beck & Murphy, 1993, p. 73-76). Principals ere instructed how to manage custodians and cafeteria duties. Principals were expected to demonstrate a democratic leadership style when runnin g his or her school. In the sass, leadership research shifted from situational and contingency models to the transactional and transformational approaches.The transactional approach made popular by the research of Edwin Hollander focused on the leader as the star of the show. The transactional model did not focus on behaviors or specific situation, but on improving an organization through incentives and rewards. One transactional theory, the vertical dyad linkage theory plopped by Green, described how leaders in groups maintain their position through a series of tacit exchange agreements with their members (Schemers, p. 91). The transformational approach in contrast, is based on the interaction of leaders and followers.Bass, Burns, and House became key leaders in the research annals of transformational leadership. According to Cutout, † Genuine transformational is â€Å"socialized† and transcends self-interest for utilitarian or moral reasons. It seeks a convergence of values distinguish genuine from pseudo forms of transformational leadership† (Cutout, 2002, p. 96). Although the transactional leadership approach can be found primarily throughout business organizations, it also can be found in education at the principal position along with the transformational approach.In the field of education, a principal can implement both transformational and transactional leadership approaches simultaneously. In the sass, principals became agents of change. Healthier stated, â€Å"that this focus on the principals capacity to enact change was only affirmed in the sass with the popularity of Ron Edmondson effective schools research, which emphasized that strong administrative leadership as a common characteristic of successful schools† (Healthier, 1992, p. 37). As a result of No Child Left Behind (NCSC), schools have implemented high stakes testing to satisfy the requirements of the law.Principals are put in the position of having to wear â€Å"t wo hats†, a transformational hat and a transactional hat. Pepper states, † A principals ability to skillfully balance transform and transactional leadership styles will best position a school to accomplish the goals set forth by NCSC while also continuing to focus on individual students needs for academic success† (Pepper, 2010, p. 3). A principal practices a transformational leadership style when he or she is practicing shared leadership with staff, parents, and students.A principal would collaborate with teachers in the areas of curriculum development and instructional practices. The principal also would have a shared vision for the school and collaborate with staff and students to build an effective school culture. The principal would practice transactional leadership when he or she are overseeing the daily operations of the school. The principal would be enforcing policies, procedures, and rules of the school. The principal would reward teachers for accomplishi ng their goals and discipline teachers who do not live up to his or her standards.Although most would think of a principal as a transformational leader, there are times when a principal also has to be a transactional leader to accomplish goals, increase student achievement, and have a safe and effective school for both staff and students. Research and psychological studies will continue to contribute to the pool of leadership theories illustrated in this essay. The study of leadership has evolved from a leader-centered models with the advent of trait and behavioral studies to a Ochs on a multidimensional study that revolves around culture, context, and emotions as seen with the transactional and transformational models. An Analysis of Leadership Models Models and their Influence on Educational Leadership Pamela Lee University of Phoenix An Analysis of Leadership Models Although there is no conclusive, comprehensive definition of leadership, there has been advances in researching leadership theories that have been uncovered and carried out over the last 200 years. In the late sass, the trait theory permeated the leadership theory. The World War era saw the beginning of the contingency/situation leadership theories of Fiddler, Broom-Yet, and Hershey-Blanchard. In the sass, the research turned toward behavioral leadership theories.Many researchers started to use rating skills and conduct interviews to identify the specific behaviors that leaders engaged in on-the-Job (Wren, 1995). The most recent leadership theories, transactional, and transformational, focus on the relationships between leaders and followers. According to Viola, Wallaby, and Weber, â€Å"Today, the field of leadership focus' not only on the leader, but also the foll owers, peers, supervisors, work setting/context, and culture† (Viola, Wallaby, & Weber, 2009, p. 422). Many of the leadership models have been used in education.The following will be a historical analysis of the trait, behavioral, transactional, and transformational models and their influence on educational leadership over the past 200 years. Close attention will be paid to the evolution of the educational leader (principal) and how his or her roles have changed over time. The scientific study of leadership began in the late sass with the discovery of the traits theory. The common assumption of the time was that certain people were born with the ability to lead, thus making them better leaders than others.Schemers stated, † Those who became leaders were different from those who remained lowers† (Schemers, 1995, p. 83). The goal of trait research was to identify traits that were associated with leadership. The tests measured dominance, masculinity, sensitivity, and physical appearance, to name a few (Schemers, p. 83). During this time, a key leadership role in education was beginning to develop, the principals. As a result of the expansion of education, the one room schoolhouse model with a teacher or master became obsolete.In the sass, grade level schools were established and certain teachers were elevated to the position of â€Å"principal teacher† (Kafka, p. 321). The principal teacher at this time also possessed certain traits. The principal was most always male, who could complete the following clerical and administrative duties that kept the school in order, such as assigning classes, conducting discipline, maintaining the building, taking attendance, and ensuring that school began and ended on time (Kafka, p. 231)t.According to Kafka, These duties brought the principal teacher a degree of authority, as did his role in communicating and answering to the district superintendent, who tended to govern local schools from afar† ( Kafka, 2009, p. 231). Many of these roles matched the traits earlier identified by the scientific studies. The principal was male and showed dominance through authority and could manage and maintain law and order in the school. The role of principal and the type of person who filled this position would not change until the scientific research revealed that traits alone do not determine who should be in leadership positions.In the late sass, Stodgily discovered that â€Å"traits alone do not determine leadership† (Schemers, 1995, p. 84). As a result of Stodgily discovery, new models of leadership were created and researched. One model, behaviorism, researched the behaviors (styles) that a leader would demonstrate in his or her chosen field. Questionnaires such as the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire was used to identify behaviors that leaders engaged in (Schemers, p. 85). In education, the principals role changed as the country went off to war and people feared the fa scist and communist dictatorships.As a result of the changes in the world and new education laws passed, specifically the law that made school compulsory, the principals role changed and evolved. The principals role became a more democratic role. According to Kafka, â€Å"there was a greater expectation that other members of the school community-? including faculty and even students-?would help make decisions and govern the school. In this sense, the principals authority was drawn somewhat from his role as a democratic leader† (Kafka, 2009, p. 325).Principals would have many roles, they would become instructional leaders, and use the professional training they received and the scientific theories they were presumed to have mastered to bring about the very best classroom teaching and learning (Beck & Murphy, 1993, p. 73-76). Principals ere instructed how to manage custodians and cafeteria duties. Principals were expected to demonstrate a democratic leadership style when runnin g his or her school. In the sass, leadership research shifted from situational and contingency models to the transactional and transformational approaches.The transactional approach made popular by the research of Edwin Hollander focused on the leader as the star of the show. The transactional model did not focus on behaviors or specific situation, but on improving an organization through incentives and rewards. One transactional theory, the vertical dyad linkage theory plopped by Green, described how leaders in groups maintain their position through a series of tacit exchange agreements with their members (Schemers, p. 91). The transformational approach in contrast, is based on the interaction of leaders and followers.Bass, Burns, and House became key leaders in the research annals of transformational leadership. According to Cutout, † Genuine transformational is â€Å"socialized† and transcends self-interest for utilitarian or moral reasons. It seeks a convergence of values distinguish genuine from pseudo forms of transformational leadership† (Cutout, 2002, p. 96). Although the transactional leadership approach can be found primarily throughout business organizations, it also can be found in education at the principal position along with the transformational approach.In the field of education, a principal can implement both transformational and transactional leadership approaches simultaneously. In the sass, principals became agents of change. Healthier stated, â€Å"that this focus on the principals capacity to enact change was only affirmed in the sass with the popularity of Ron Edmondson effective schools research, which emphasized that strong administrative leadership as a common characteristic of successful schools† (Healthier, 1992, p. 37). As a result of No Child Left Behind (NCSC), schools have implemented high stakes testing to satisfy the requirements of the law.Principals are put in the position of having to wear â€Å"t wo hats†, a transformational hat and a transactional hat. Pepper states, † A principals ability to skillfully balance transform and transactional leadership styles will best position a school to accomplish the goals set forth by NCSC while also continuing to focus on individual students needs for academic success† (Pepper, 2010, p. 3). A principal practices a transformational leadership style when he or she is practicing shared leadership with staff, parents, and students.A principal would collaborate with teachers in the areas of curriculum development and instructional practices. The principal also would have a shared vision for the school and collaborate with staff and students to build an effective school culture. The principal would practice transactional leadership when he or she are overseeing the daily operations of the school. The principal would be enforcing policies, procedures, and rules of the school. The principal would reward teachers for accomplishi ng their goals and discipline teachers who do not live up to his or her standards.Although most would think of a principal as a transformational leader, there are times when a principal also has to be a transactional leader to accomplish goals, increase student achievement, and have a safe and effective school for both staff and students. Research and psychological studies will continue to contribute to the pool of leadership theories illustrated in this essay. The study of leadership has evolved from a leader-centered models with the advent of trait and behavioral studies to a Ochs on a multidimensional study that revolves around culture, context, and emotions as seen with the transactional and transformational models.

20 Argumentative Essay Topics Fresh Ideas about Conflicts and How to Manage Them

20 Argumentative Essay Topics Fresh Ideas about Conflicts and How to Manage Them If you need a topic on conflict resolution, consider the 20 argumentative essay topics below: Integrating Diversity While Managing Group Conflicts Methods for Workplace Conflict Management Listening to and Learning from Conflicts Maintaining Privacy among Workplace Conflict How Autocratic Leadership Styles Manage Conflict How Transactional Leadership Styles Manage Conflict The Role of Power in Conflict Management How Bureaucratic Leadership Styles Manage Conflict How Charismatic Leadership Manages Conflict How Servant Leadership Manages Conflict The Transitory Nature of Conflict Management How Transformational Leadership Manages Conflict How Task-Oriented Leadership Manages Conflict Mitigating Poor Productivity with Better Conflict Management How People-Oriented/Relations-Oriented Leadership Manages Conflict How Laissez-Faire Leadership Manages Conflict Limitations to Conflict Management in the Modern Workplace How Democratic/Participative Leadership Manages Conflict How Effective Leaders Manage Team Based Conflicts Leadership and Team Conflict Management Sample Argumentative Essay on Leadership and Team Conflict Management Leadership brings with it many responsibilities and one of those responsibilities is team conflict management. As a leader or manager, you will find workplace conflict no matter where you are working or who is working with/for you. It is up to you to help address it. As a manager, the role includes reporting, monitoring, communicating, recording, measuring, and identifying. The most basic job description would be governance. Governance is the act of administration or ruling. The governor, or manager in this case, is the one in charge of such actions. The term governance originated in the late fourteenth century and has an oddly suited applicability to managerial styles, particularly extreme styles. In the corporate structure, the term governance relates to consistent management, one which remains cohesive to policies, offers guidance, and assumes the responsibility for processes of correct decision making. This can include, for example, evolving internal investment or policies on the use of data for which the manager is responsible. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the word governance expanded in its definition thanks to financial textbook publications. Now, within the corporate structure, the governance refers to a set of policies, customs, or processes which directly affect the manner in which people administer, direct and control the corporation. This also refers to the relationships between key members of the institution such as managers and the corporate goals. Managers carry a large burden of responsibility on their shoulders which, if not done properly, can lead to extremes rather than balanced work environments and behaviors. By poorly governing or not maintaining strict adherence to the rules of the company, managers can create poor work environments and hinder workplace relationships which will lead far from business success (Martindale, 2011, p. 33). Good leaders must be able to motivate their employees and if employees have conflicts, great leaders must be self-aware and able to work with those involved to solve the issue and not avoid it. Interpersonal conflicts within the workplace will not go away if they are ignored. In fact, they will get worse. If leaders avoid the existing conflicts, the employees can lose respect for their leaders. In conflicts, it is important to remain calm. It is imperative that individuals keep their head, even if those around them are not doing the same. Staying calm, especially when provoked, can help to keep the process of conflict management an easy one. Maintaining moral high ground is just as important in the workplace. Good leaders know that when conflict arises among their employees or their team members, it is important not to lose control, not to pull rank, and not to give up the moral high ground. It is much more effective for calm control to be commonplace, and it makes for a significantly better place from which to negotiate conflicts. Handling conflict should involve working with human resources. These individuals are specifically equipped with managing employee conflicts and they work well as objective third parties. In more delicate business situations having this sounding board for discussions, this objectivity can really offer reasonable counsel to whom all involved parties refer. This is why so many companies employ highly trained HR representatives. As a conflict resolution leader or manager, it is important to document the conflict meticulously. If a report is filed by one person, it is important to avoid getting into future discussions about the dispute that are accusatory in nature â€Å"he said/she said† and to focus instead on referring to the detailed documentation filed by the business. This also provides legal protection for the company and for the individuals involved in the matter. In managing conflict it is important for participates to set aside the idea of beating the other person, provin g them wrong, or winning the argument. Defeating the â€Å"enemy† is not the role of managing conflict. Rather, the conflict should be resolved in a constructive and expeditious fashion. It requires closure from all parties and move forward in the workplace without the conflict lingering. That said, there are many leadership styles out there and each one offers something unique for different workplace situations. Some are more appropriate than others. But in all cases, it is important to manage conflicts promptly and to manage them well. This is best done by integrating the most effective overall leadership style with whatever existing leadership trends are effective in the existing workplace. The most effective leadership is known as transformational leadership, where leaders with a great deal of integrity, drive and charisma, inspire people with a shared vision of development, charting out clear goals to achieve those ends and motivating people to perform towards realizing that shared vision. Note here that one style of leadership does not suit every operation and organization and one must hence adapt ones leadership style to suit the requirements of your operation. By doing this, workplace conflicts can be resolved promptly and effectively by the leaders, ensuring better workplace relationships and respect for workplace authority. References: Eunson, Baden.  Conflict Management. Milton, Australia: John Wiley Sons, 2007. Print. Foster, D.E. (2002). A Method of Comparing Follower Satisfaction with the Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-faire Styles of Leadership..  Communication Teacher  16  (2): 4–6. Kindler, Herbert S.  Conflict Management. [Rochester, N.Y.]: Axzo Press, 2009. Print. Kindler, Herbert S.  Managing Disagreement Constructively. Menlo Park, Calif.: Crisp Publications, 1996. Print. Martindale, N (2011). Leadership Styles: How to handle the different personas.  Strategic Communication Management  15  (8): 32–35. Raines, Susan.  Conflict Management For Managers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2013. Print. Woods, A.P. (2010). Democratic leadership: drawing distinctions with distributed leadership.  International Journal of Leadership in Education  7  (1): 3–36. Van Slyke, Erik J.  Listening To Conflict. New York: AMACOM, 1999. Print.

Intro to business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Intro to business - Assignment Example This has pushed away the desire of many willing to work at the stores. Moreover, in most cases, most people in urban areas are liberals who probably target the nearby shops where stuff goes for just about as cheaply compared to the Wal-Mart stores. This has contributed immensely to retrenchment of the Wal-Mart stores. As an expedient solution to the food desert problem, exertions have been made to finally make it possible the entry of Wal-Mart to lucrative urban markets from which it has long been excluded (Roberts and Berg 160). Wal-Mart’s corporate management team has over the past decades toiled inside its ‘Bentonville Bubble’ in order to win the approval of zoning commissions and committees. This entails focusing on the operational efficiency, the growth of the company and its subsequent profits. However, this has proved not efficient enough and the company has widened its sights, built networks of employees, government agencies, nonprofits and suppliers to ‘green’ its supply chain. By seeking the approval of zoning commissions and committees, Wal-Mart will be in a position to increase its profitability. In order for the company to excel, it has cultivated closer relationships with its suppliers that have immensely contributed to initiatives. Moreover, Wal-Mart has gone further to build bridges between environmental nonprofit organizations and suppliers (Roberts and Berg 149). Most importantly, relying on external network collaborates such as the NGO’s has allowed the company to accomplish most of its objectives devoid of major investments since suppliers tend to absorb most of the costs of certification. Arguably, retailers often face a fast-expanding, multi-pattern competitive set that deprive them the opportunity to realize where they are heading. Wal-Mart as one of the leading companies in terms of sales may face quite a range of challenges once it runs significantly smaller stores. Change in technology and use

Understanding Cross-Cultural Issues in the Contemporary World Essay

Understanding Cross-Cultural Issues in the Contemporary World - Essay Example Today, we have multinational companies that operate across different continents and regions of the world thanks to the concept of globalization. Yet, every community or society has its own unique culture. It is interesting to know how the cultural differences play out in this global village context. Globalization has intensified cultural interaction, leading to emergence of multi-cultural societies (Liu, 2012: 94-95). Culture is a strong element that influences the behaviors, perceptions, and attitudes of a community. Based on this understanding, it is important to establish how these cultural influences play out when people from one culture interact with those from a different culture. This forms the basis of this study. The study purposes to investigate the integration of Korean culture in the UK culture. This study will be relevant to understanding cross-cultural issues in the contemporary world because it focuses on a real cross-cultural integration. 1. How do Koreans perceive UK culture? This research question will focus on the perceptions that Koreans have when they interact with UK citizens in the UK. The main objective of this research question will be to highlight the cultural disparities and or similarities between Koreans and British citizens. 2. How do Koreans react to the cultural disparities or similarities when they come to the UK? This research question focuses on the reaction of Koreans when they come to the UK. The main objective of the research question is to identify specific responses, whether cultural assimilation or isolation, of Koreans in the UK. It will also highlight the aspect of cultural dominance. Culture can be defined as the unique shared characteristics of a group that differentiates it from other groups (McLaurin, 2006: 9; Herzog & Leker, 2011: 58; Moore, 2004: 5). Therefore, different communities can be identified by their unique cultures. In identifying a group’s